Còpula de blanca de la col |
La posta
La femella diposita els ous sobre la planta nutrícia, de la qual s’alimentarà l’eruga. Hi ha diferents estratègies per evitar els depredadors: -ous agrupats i units entre ells i a la planta per un vernís. La posta pot adoptar diverses formes: en filera, en mosaic, en zig-zag - ous aïllats (papallona de l’arboç) - ous dipositats dins la planta nutrícia..
Ous de blanca de la col |
Com són aquests ous? Els ous poden tenir formes molt diferents segons l’espècie: esfèrics, cilíndrics, estrellats, poden ser de molts colors i la seva mida pot variar entre 0,2 i 4 mm.
Quant temps triga un ou a eclosionar? En alguns casos triga només unes hores, en altres alguns dies, en altres mig any ja que és la forma de passar l’hivern.
L’eruga representa la fase de nutrició i creixement, al llarg de la seva vida, l’eruga menja l’equivalent a 100 kg d’enciam i multiplica el seu pes per 1.000. Aquesta fase pot durar entre uns quants dies o uns quants anys. Algunes erugues, s’alimenten només d’una o poques plantes, d’altres són polífagues, i s’alimenten d’una gran varietat d'espècies vegetals.
Algunes espècies de papallones, passen l’hivern en forma d’eruga, algunes, com la papallona de l’arboç, tenen un líquid anticongelant que els permet sobreviure els fred hiverns.
La crisàlide
Crisàlide de brocat variable |
La metamorfosi
El procés de transformació de la crisàlide en papallona està regulat per hormones i pot durar d’uns quants dies a alguns anys. La majoria duren unes setmanes, però altres passen l’hivern en aquest estat.
La papallona
Quan la metamorfosi està finalitzada, la papallona trenca el seu envoltori i surt i estira les ales injectant l’hemolimfa i aire a través de les nervacions. La papallona ha d’estar unes hores exposada al sol perquè se li assequin les ales i pugui començar a volar.
Qui surt primer? Mascles i femelles d’una mateixa espècie no acostumen a emergir al mateix temps. En algunes espècies surt primer el mascle. estratègia que evita la consanguinitat, ja que els mascles es dispersen per buscar femelles. En altres surt primer la femella, així quan emergeixen els mascles, les femelles ja estan madures sexualment.
I quan de temps viu una papallona? Els mascles solen morir poc temps després de la còpula i es femelles poc temps després de la posta. Algunes espècies de papallones, com la llimonera o la cleòpatra, viuen gairebé mig any, ja que passen l’hivern amagades entre la vegetació, les podem veure volar els dies assolellats.
I què menja la papallona? Algunes papallones no s’alimenten, viuen de les reserves que han acumulat les erugues. La majoria s’alimenten del nèctar de les flors que xuclen a través de l’espiritrompa. També absorbeixen aigua i sals minerals del terra i de la suor de persones i altres animals. Algunes s’alimenten d’excrements.
Us recomanem els següents vídeos sobre el cicle biològic de els papallones confeccionat pel Museu de Ciències Naturals de Granollers:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7TMMTjarIbI
i https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4KbU06FEsdg
En aquest enllaç podreu trobar un impresionant video casolà sobre la metamorfosi d'una papallona reina: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4KbU06FEsdg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7TMMTjarIbI
i https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4KbU06FEsdg
En aquest enllaç podreu trobar un impresionant video casolà sobre la metamorfosi d'una papallona reina: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4KbU06FEsdg
mes informació vagos!!!
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